Non-native invasive species of aquatic and wetland
plants were introduced to waters of the United States as
a result of human activities and are causing detrimental
effects on beneficial uses (irrigation, fishing, swimming,
boating, native flora and fauna) including declines of
indigenous aquatic species and aquatic habitat. Selective
aquatic weed management is critical to sustaining the
function of waters of the United States. The use of
diquat dibromide (Reward®) as an aquatic herbicide
provides significant economic, societal, and environmental
benefits due to its unique technical profile and excellent
fit within an Integrated Aquatic Weed Management
(IAWM) program. Reward is an important tool for aquatic weed control, providing advantages and opportunities
for aquatic managers to achieve weed control goals
using an environmentally sustainable approach.
Benefits
The selective management of aquatic weeds is vital to
the protection of water bodies within the United States.
The benefits of Reward as an aquatic weed management
tool are numerous.
❶ Weed Control
The technical profile of Reward is key to its success as an
aquatic herbicide:
Rapid Activity Important in controlling fast-growing
and quickly-spreading invasive weeds.
Non-Systemic, Contact Action Affects only the
vegetation it contacts.
Rainfastness Re-spraying emergent or floating
species after rainfall is unnecessary.
Non-Volatile Presenting no vapor drift hazard.
No Residual Activity Shortly after application, the
active ingredient is deactivated and not biologically
active to non-target organisms.
Versatile IAWM Tool Active on a broad number of
invasive species.
Spectrum of Control Reward successfully controls
over 15 major aquatic weeds including Eurasian
Watermilfoil, Parrot Feather (Myriophyllum), Hydrilla,
Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce, Giant Salvinia, and
Brazilian Elodea
❷ Beneficial Uses of Water
Following applications of Reward to control aquatic
weeds, water use is as follows:
■ Swimming, fishing, and other recreational activities
can be resumed without restrictions.
■ Minimal restriction on use for livestock consumption
(1 day) or drinking water (1–3 days).
■ Minimal restriction for use for irrigation (1–3 days for
turf & ornamentals; 5 days for food crops).
Options are provided for further reductions in water use
restrictions where an approved assay shows that diquat
cation residues are less than the Maximum Contaminant
Level Goal (MCLG) of 0.02 mg/L.
❸ Integrated Aquatic Management (IAM)
IAM is a whole lake (or water body) management plan
for exotic/invasive species that incorporates environmentally
sound, economically viable, and socially acceptable
dimensions. By implementing IAM, beneficial uses and
wildlife goals are sustained using latest technology/research
and Best Management Practices (BMPs).
Integrated Aquatic Weed Management (IAWM) is a
key component of IAM featuring fundamentals of
prevention, observation, and intervention. IAWM
provides a basis for efficient and effective management
of aquatic systems using an integrated approach.
■ Reward can be used as part of an IAWM program
with BMPs to reduce weeds to ecologically,
economically, and aesthetically acceptable levels as
specified by a management plan for the water system.
■ Reward can be used in an integrated approach
because it is compatible with cultural, mechanical,
biological, and other chemical control methods. For
example Reward may be used:
1. For spot treatment or partial lake treatments
while other methods are used elsewhere.
2. By alternating with other methods to target
specific weeds within a season.
3. At the same time as ongoing programs
to control non-weed invasive species as
part of IAM.
Technical Bulletin
Diquat Dibromide: Benefits to Aquatic Weed Management
Herbicides such as Reward are often a good choice in an
IAWM program because they provide (Getsinger 1998):
■ Predictable efficacy over a defined time period and
within a specific target location.
■ Selective control of target vegetation.
■ Well-characterized and minimal risks with respect to
human health and the environment.
■ Cost-effectiveness.
❹ Threatened and Endangered Species
Invasive species can replace native plant species on
which wildlife may be dependent for food and shelter.
Reward is an important tool for discriminatory
management of endangered species’ critical habitat or
habitat in proximity to endangered species. The properties
of Reward result in its successful use:
■ Can be applied as a “spot treatment” with little to no
off-target movement.
■ Contact action—working only on the actual
vegetation it contacts. Does not move from treated
vegetation to other areas.
■ Loss of biological activity on contact with sediment.
Reward has been effectively used to control nuisance
vegetation in Florida waters occupied by endangered
manatee and also in the Sacramento Delta in CA, which
provides a home for several species of endangered fish.
In fish hatcheries, diquat has been successfully used
experimentally at elevated rates to control a number of
diseases, including Bacterial Gill Disease, without adverse
effects (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 1990, Fish Disease
Leaflet 84).
❺ Environmental Safety
Diquat has been fully evaluated with respect to its safety
to applicators, human health, and the environment and
was recently re-registered by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency. However, Reward
must be applied to aquatic systems following specific
label use directions. Labeled uses are fully supported by
exposure, toxicity, and risk assessments that indicate
no unreasonable adverse effects to human health or
the environment.

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The vast majority of people think that pests are harmless, think again. Pest cost billions of dollars every year in property destruction, devastation to plants, as well as the food industry. Many have the preconceived notion that pest control is an unnecessary preventative service. Just like having preventative maintenance service for your car in order to avoid expensive car repairs, having preventative pest control service would save hundreds if not thousands of dollars in property damage.

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